Contents
Chapter 1 Nature of the Problem
Chapter Objectives
Scope of the Fire Loss Problem
Past Losses
Loss Potential
Case Histories
Case One
Case Two
Case Three
Case Four
Factors that Affect Fire Loss
Can Loss Prevention and Control Have an Impact?
References
Chapter 2 Fire Behavior
Chapter Objectives
What is Fire?
Elements of Fire
Classes of Fire
Ignition Sources
Measures of Flammability
Characteristics of Flammables
Heat Transfer
Flashover
Backdraft
Products of Combustion
Extinguishing Methods
Extinguishing Agents
Water
Dry Chemicals
Halons
Carbon Dioxide
Foam
Dry Powder
Wet Chemicals
Halon Substitutes/Replacements
Chapter 3 Loss Control Programs
Chapter Objectives
What is a Fire Loss Control Program?
Why Are Loss Control Programs Needed?
Who Needs a Loss Control Program?
Loss Control Requirements
U.S. Laws and Regulations
State and Local Laws and Ordinances
Nationally Recognized and Consensus Standards
Insurance Company Requirements
Loss Control Approaches
Loss Control Process
Loss Control Program Essentials
Management Commitment
Policies
Support
Example
Clearly Define and Assign Responsibility
Delegate Authority
Establish Program Objectives
Involve Supervisors and Employees
Emphasize Loss Control in All Areas of Operation
Provide Adequate Training
Effective Inspection Program
Investigate All Losses
Maintain Adequate Records
Enforce Loss Control Policies Consistently
Plan for Emergencies
Importance of Major Loss Control Program Components
Organizing for Loss Control
Nonemergency Organization
Emergency Organization
Implementing Loss Control
Managing Loss Control
Chapter 4 Life Safety
Chapter Objectives
General Principles
Adequate Number of Exits
Exits Clear and Unobstructed
Identify Exits and Exit Access
Adequate Normal and Emergency Lighting
Provide Time for Escape
Train All Personnel Concerning Emergency Actions
Detailed Requirements
Human Behavior
Successful Emergency Response Process
Exits
Basic Concepts
Adequate Number of Exits
Access to Exits
Exit Marking
Emergency Lighting
Evacuation Planning
Emergency Action Plan Exercises
Smoke and Fire Control
Personnel Training
Life Safety Evaluation
Chapter 5 Hazard Control
Chapter Objectives
Hazard Control vs. Fire Prevention
Hazard Control Hierarchy
General Principles of Hazard Control
Types of Hazards
Specific Hazards
Smoking
Housekeeping
Heat-Producing Equipment
Electrical
Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Storage
Dispensing
Use
Spray Operations
Dipping Operations
Quenching Operations
Other Operations
Factors Influencing Fires in Flammable Liquids
Flammable Gases
Motor Fuel
Welding and Cutting Gases
Welding and Cutting
Machinery and Processes
Arson
Hazard Analysis
Fire Prevention Plans
Hazard Control Policies and Procedures
Chapter 6 Installed Fire Protection
Chapter Objectives
General Principles
Passive Systems
Active Systems
Why Installed Fire Protection Is Important
Justifying Installed Fire Protection
Fire Walls
Fire Wall Opening Protection
Alarm Systems
Standpipe Systems
Automatic Sprinkler Systems
Wet-Pipe Sprinkler Systems
Dry-Pipe Sprinkler Systems
Sprinkler Heads
Sprinkler System Inspection and Maintenance
Water-Spray Systems
Foam Systems
Water Supply Systems
Water Supply System Inspection and Maintenance
Carbon Dioxide Systems
Halon Systems
Halon Substitutes
Dry Chemical Systems
Flammable Vapor Detection Systems
Explosion Venting and Suppression Systems
Installed System Impairments
Inspection and Maintenance of Systems
Evaluate System Needs
Chapter 7 Portable Fire Extinguishers
Chapter Objectives
Types and Performance Characteristics of Extinguishers
Water Extinguishers
Foam Extinguishers
Dry Chemical Extinguishers
Carbon Dioxide Extinguishers
Halon Extinguishers
Halotron
FE-36
Dry Powder Extinguishers
Wet Chemical Extinguishers
Extinguisher Ratings
Extinguisher Regulations
Selection of Extinguishers
Placement of Extinguishers
Use of Extinguishers
General Guidelines
Water
Foam
Dry Chemical
Carbon Dioxide
Halon and Halon Replacements
Dry Powder
Wheeled Extinguishers
Personnel Training in the Use of Extinguishers
Inspection of Extinguishers
Maintenance of Extinguishers
Chapter 8 Emergency Planning
Chapter Objectives
Why Is Planning Important?
Who Should Be Involved?
When Do Plans Need To Be Made?
When Do Plans Need To Be Changed?
How To Develop Plans
Input from Other Plans
Systematic Emergency Planning
Tactical Surveys
Action Plans
Diagrams
Plan Manuals
Where Plans Should Be Kept
How To Use Plans
Planning for Outside Agency Involvement
Recovery Planning
Chapter 9 Emergency Teams and Fire Brigades
Chapter Objectives
Determining Needs
Manual Fire Fighting Options
Which Option Is Needed?
Emergency Team and Fire Brigade Functions
Organization
Organizational Statement
Start-Up Planning
Personnel
Selection Criteria
Records
Training
Equipment
Managing Day-to-Day Operations
Nonemergency Functions
Fire Prevention
Fire Protection Equipment and Systems
Emergency Planning
Emergency Operations
Emergency Response Process
General Emergency Response
Standard Operating Procedures
Incident Command System
Industry/Fire Department Cooperation
Chapter 10 Coping with Fire
Chapter Objectives
Why What You Do Is Important
Notifications
Who Should Be Notified
Notifications That May Need To Be Made
When To Make Notifications
How To Handle Notifications
Prioritize Salvage Efforts
Documenting the Incident
Dealing with the Media
Human Issues
Insurance Issues
Cause Determination
Evaluate Business Impact
Appendix A: Annotated Bibliography
Chapter 2 Fire Behavior
Chapter 4 Life Safety
Chapter 6 Installed Fire Protection
Appendix B: Resource List
Organizations
U.S. Government Agencies
Selected Web Sites
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